{"id":630111,"date":"2026-07-04T20:20:00","date_gmt":"2026-07-04T20:20:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/buglecall.org\/?p=630111"},"modified":"2026-07-04T20:20:00","modified_gmt":"2026-07-04T20:20:00","slug":"historians-set-record-straight-on-5-events-that-shaped-america","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buglecall.org\/?p=630111","title":{"rendered":"Historians Set Record Straight On 5 Events That Shaped America"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden\">Historians Set Record Straight On 5 Events That Shaped America<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theepochtimes.com\/article\/historians-set-record-straight-on-5-events-that-shaped-america-6046394?utm_source=partner&amp;utm_campaign=ZeroHedge\"><em>Authored by Janice Hisle via The Epoch Times,<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>As America celebrates its 250th birthday, it\u2019s prime time for historians such as Jeff Bloodworth to set the record straight.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a data-image-external-href=\"\" data-image-href=\"\/s3\/files\/inline-images\/2026-07-04_05-59-38.jpg?itok=BWJZVplK\" data-link-option=\"0\" href=\"https:\/\/cms.zerohedge.com\/s3\/files\/inline-images\/2026-07-04_05-59-38.jpg?itok=BWJZVplK\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" data-entity-type=\"file\" data-entity-uuid=\"8f6254cb-2e72-4cc0-83dc-e37a990d6e8f\" data-responsive-image-style=\"inline_images\" height=\"330\" width=\"500\" class=\"inline-images image-style-inline-images\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.zerohedge.com\/s3fs-public\/styles\/inline_image_mobile\/public\/inline-images\/2026-07-04_05-59-38.jpg?itok=BWJZVplK\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Bloodworth, a professor at Pennsylvania\u2019s Gannon University, noted that it had become trendy among historians to \u201cdemythologize\u201d the Founding Fathers.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBut it has gone too far,\u201d he told The Epoch Times. \u201cThe achievements of the Founders and the founding are obscured by the lists of sins.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Now, he thinks \u201cthe pendulum is swinging back\u201d toward a more balanced, nuanced, and accurate view of the Founders\u2014and about other aspects of American history.<\/p>\n<p>Through his role with Heterodox Academy\u2014a bipartisan group advocating for open inquiry on college campuses\u2014Bloodworth said he sees \u201cthere\u2019s a real pushback against this stuff.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Any fair appraisal of the Founders requires \u201clauding their achievements but also recognizing their omissions and their flaws and their hypocrisies,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p>Bloodworth and two other historians who spoke to The Epoch Times shed light on myths, misrepresentations, and misunderstandings about the nation\u2019s foundational period; The Epoch Times also reviewed dozens of historic references for this story.<\/p>\n<p>Without historical knowledge, it\u2019s easy to \u201cget sucked into believing things have never been worse, that there\u2019s never been a time like this\u2014and that just isn\u2019t true,\u201d Bloodworth said.<\/p>\n<p><a data-image-external-href=\"\" data-image-href=\"\/s3\/files\/inline-images\/image%20-%202026-07-04T060030.837.jpg?itok=Wtw0eeCT\" data-link-option=\"0\" href=\"https:\/\/cms.zerohedge.com\/s3\/files\/inline-images\/image%20-%202026-07-04T060030.837.jpg?itok=Wtw0eeCT\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-entity-type=\"file\" data-entity-uuid=\"6c07cd62-a405-43ea-a8e6-49a31af33b1b\" data-responsive-image-style=\"inline_images\" height=\"333\" width=\"500\" class=\"inline-images image-style-inline-images\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.zerohedge.com\/s3fs-public\/styles\/inline_image_mobile\/public\/inline-images\/image%20-%202026-07-04T060030.837.jpg?itok=Wtw0eeCT\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>Jeff Bloodworth, professor of history, holds up a copy of his book<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Stanley Schwartz, a professor at Cedarville University in Ohio, echoed many of Bloodworth\u2019s observations.<\/p>\n<p>Stanley Schwartz, assistant professor of history at Cedarville University in Cedarville, Ohio. Courtesy of Cedarville University<\/p>\n<p>When students question how early American history relates to them, he responds that issues the Founders faced remain relevant. Those include \u201chow to govern well,\u201d he said, along with \u201chow to relate to foreign powers.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Many students who expected to be bored in class end up realizing that history \u201cspeaks to a person, helps you find your roots, find your place in the world,\u201d Schwartz said.<\/p>\n<p>Anna Vincenzi, a professor at Hillsdale College in Michigan, said learning about America\u2019s history fulfills \u201ca deeply human need &#8230; to know the truth about where we came from.\u201d That knowledge helps people understand \u201cthe good things about the history that has brought us here, and also the origin of the problems.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2>The Boston Tea Party and Why It Happened<\/h2>\n<p>On Dec. 16, 1773, hundreds of angry colonists\u2014many disguised as Native Americans\u2014dumped 92,000 pounds of tea into Boston Harbor.<\/p>\n<p>The Boston Tea Party thus became one of the most iconic acts of defiance in U.S. history. Yet modern Americans often misconstrue the reasons for the protest and overestimate its aftereffects, historians say.<\/p>\n<p>Yes, the British Parliament\u2019s passage of the Tea Act of 1773 sparked the protest. But contrary to popular modern belief, the act resulted in lower tea prices.<\/p>\n<p>So why did the act anger the colonists so much?<\/p>\n<p>Part of the reason: It reinforced an existing import tax on tea.<\/p>\n<p>Another factor: Drinking tea is so quintessentially British that \u201ctaxing tea is &#8230; like making them feel like they\u2019re not quite British,\u201d Vincenzi said. \u201cIt was perceived as a statement on their status as British citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><a data-image-external-href=\"\" data-image-href=\"\/s3\/files\/inline-images\/2026-07-04_06-01-07.jpg?itok=6IsC3iUW\" data-link-option=\"0\" href=\"https:\/\/cms.zerohedge.com\/s3\/files\/inline-images\/2026-07-04_06-01-07.jpg?itok=6IsC3iUW\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-entity-type=\"file\" data-entity-uuid=\"07032c15-2697-4d16-88c5-0e71a3d8a2c5\" data-responsive-image-style=\"inline_images\" height=\"307\" width=\"500\" class=\"inline-images image-style-inline-images\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.zerohedge.com\/s3fs-public\/styles\/inline_image_mobile\/public\/inline-images\/2026-07-04_06-01-07.jpg?itok=6IsC3iUW\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>A work of art by Nathaniel Currier depicts the 1773 Boston Tea Party, entitled \u201cThe Destruction of Tea at Boston Harbor,\u201d created in 1846. Colonists known as the \u201cSons of Liberty\u201d dressed as Mohawk American Indians and smashed 342 chests of tea and emptied the contents\u2014valued at nearly $2 million today\u2014on Dec. 16, 1773. Public Domain<\/em><\/p>\n<p>The larger issue, however, was that colonists had no representation in the British Parliament. Yet Parliament repeatedly imposed policies \u201cwithout the consent of the people through their representatives, in a way that they say is violating the rights and liberties of a British citizen,\u201d Vincenzi said.<\/p>\n<p>Those actions conflicted with the British constitution\u2019s traditional limits on the king\u2019s power, dating to the 13th century, she said.<\/p>\n<p>At the time of the tea party, American colonists were drinking about 1.2 million pounds of tea each year. Much of it came from England and was subject to taxes imposed by the Townshend Revenue Act, according to the Boston Tea Party Ships and Museum.<\/p>\n<p>American colonists started smuggling lower-priced tea from the Dutch and other European markets.<\/p>\n<p>In response, Parliament imposed the Tea Act, which helped a private British company, the East India Tea Company, undercut prices of the smuggled tea. If colonists bought that cheaper, British-subsidized tea, they still would be forced to pay the Townshend Act\u2019s import duty.<\/p>\n<p>Thus, many colonists feared that acquiescing would embolden the British government to impose even more taxes.<\/p>\n<p>The Sons of Liberty\u2014some of whom were tea smugglers\u2014began organizing meetings to address \u201cthe tea crisis.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Up to 6,000 people met on Nov. 29, 1773, after the first shipload of unwanted tea docked in Boston Harbor. Attendees reached a consensus: The tea would be sent back to England and no tax would be paid.<\/p>\n<p><a data-image-external-href=\"\" data-image-href=\"\/s3\/files\/inline-images\/2026-07-04_06-02-07.jpg?itok=v7wss5zW\" data-link-option=\"0\" href=\"https:\/\/cms.zerohedge.com\/s3\/files\/inline-images\/2026-07-04_06-02-07.jpg?itok=v7wss5zW\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-entity-type=\"file\" data-entity-uuid=\"5d542010-8913-4007-9d98-f96346fdcb74\" data-responsive-image-style=\"inline_images\" height=\"294\" width=\"500\" class=\"inline-images image-style-inline-images\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.zerohedge.com\/s3fs-public\/styles\/inline_image_mobile\/public\/inline-images\/2026-07-04_06-02-07.jpg?itok=v7wss5zW\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>An engraving made by John Karst in 1865 depicts John Lamb, a Sons of Liberty leader, reading the British Parliament\u2019s Tea Act of of 1773 at New York City Hall on Dec. 17, 1773. Colonists took issue with the Act as they had no representation in the British Parliament. John Karst\/Public Domain<\/em><\/p>\n<p>After exhausting all legal remedies to achieve those goals, leaders executed their last-ditch secret plan: trashing the tea.<\/p>\n<p>Protesters donned wool blankets, grabbed tomahawks, and smeared coal dust on their faces\u2014called \u201cIndian dress\u201d then. The disguises weren\u2019t meant to be convincing; they mostly served to conceal identities so protesters could avoid punishment.<\/p>\n<p>Tea partiers smashed 342 chests of tea and emptied the contents\u2014valued at nearly $2 million today.<\/p>\n<p>The protest had an impact\u2014but not in the way many people might think.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhile the Tea Party itself didn\u2019t mobilize Americans en masse, it was Parliament\u2019s reaction to it that did,\u201d according to a History.com article.<\/p>\n<p>In 1774, the British enacted \u201cpunitive measures meant to teach the rebellious colonists who was boss,\u201d the article said. The British closed Boston Harbor, replaced Boston\u2019s elected officials with the king\u2019s appointees, and forced private citizens to quarter British troops in their homes.<\/p>\n<p>Those actions inspired colonists to hold the first Continental Congress meeting.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cRevolution was officially in the air,\u201d the article said.<\/p>\n<p><a data-image-external-href=\"\" data-image-href=\"\/s3\/files\/inline-images\/2026-07-04_06-02-33.jpg?itok=4wXO9m-c\" data-link-option=\"0\" href=\"https:\/\/cms.zerohedge.com\/s3\/files\/inline-images\/2026-07-04_06-02-33.jpg?itok=4wXO9m-c\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-entity-type=\"file\" data-entity-uuid=\"08a6ab5c-7ca3-474e-9d40-a648cb179d8a\" data-responsive-image-style=\"inline_images\" height=\"332\" width=\"500\" class=\"inline-images image-style-inline-images\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.zerohedge.com\/s3fs-public\/styles\/inline_image_mobile\/public\/inline-images\/2026-07-04_06-02-33.jpg?itok=4wXO9m-c\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>Colonial fife and drum corps play in front of the Old South Meeting House during the Boston Tea Party 250th Anniversary celebration, in Boston in 2023. The Boston Tea Party has became one of the most iconic acts of defiance in American history. Courtesy of Caroline Talbot\/December 16.org<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>Patriot Paul Revere and \u2018The British Are Coming!\u2019<\/h2>\n<p>Revere was among \u201cmany messengers spreading the alarm\u201d across the Massachusetts countryside on April 18 and 19, 1775, according to the National Park Service.<\/p>\n<p>The Revere-as-lone-rider myth arose partly from the celebrated poem \u201cPaul Revere\u2019s Ride\u201d by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. It omits any mention that other horsemen helped alert townspeople about British soldiers heading toward Concord.<\/p>\n<p>There, the soldiers intended \u201cto arrest patriots and seize colonial militia stockpiles,\u201d the CIA said in an April 2026 article.<\/p>\n<p>Notably, before his famous ride, Revere and others formed \u201cthe first Patriot intelligence group on record,\u201d the CIA said in a report about the role intelligence played in the American Revolution.<\/p>\n<p>Called \u201cThe Mechanics\u201d or \u201cThe Liberty Boys,\u201d the secret group of about 30 men grew out of the old Sons of Liberty organization that opposed British taxes on colonists, the CIA said.<\/p>\n<p><a data-image-external-href=\"\" data-image-href=\"\/s3\/files\/inline-images\/2026-07-04_06-03-08.jpg?itok=PV9f-dfS\" data-link-option=\"0\" href=\"https:\/\/cms.zerohedge.com\/s3\/files\/inline-images\/2026-07-04_06-03-08.jpg?itok=PV9f-dfS\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-entity-type=\"file\" data-entity-uuid=\"64a3d9f2-8cc2-4261-bfa7-6f73edea15da\" data-responsive-image-style=\"inline_images\" height=\"630\" width=\"500\" class=\"inline-images image-style-inline-images\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.zerohedge.com\/s3fs-public\/styles\/inline_image_mobile\/public\/inline-images\/2026-07-04_06-03-08.jpg?itok=PV9f-dfS\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>A statue of Paul Revere near Old North Church in Boston on April 8, 2026.\u00a0Historical records from that era suggest that Revere did not shout \u201cThe British are coming!\u201d Instead he warned, \u201cThe regulars are coming!\u201d The term, \u201cregulars,\u201d referred to the British professional soldiers. Samira Bouaou\/The Epoch Times<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Starting in late 1774, the group gathered information to oppose British authority. In 1775, operatives exposed \u201cthe cover story the British had devised to mask their march on Lexington and Concord,\u201d the CIA said.<\/p>\n<p>That information laid the foundation for Revere\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theepochtimes.com\/article\/following-paul-reveres-revolutionary-ride-6011867\">ride<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>As he rode, Revere never shouted, \u201cThe British are coming!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>That phrase \u201cwould not have made sense at the time,\u201d because many of Revere\u2019s fellow colonists considered themselves to be British, according to the Paul Revere House website.<\/p>\n<p>Historical records from that era suggest that Revere instead warned, \u201cThe regulars are coming!\u201d The term \u201cregulars\u201d referred to the British professional soldiers.<\/p>\n<p>According to the Paul Revere House, the enduring but inaccurate \u201cBritish are coming\u201d phrase appears to have originated during a dinner party in 1822\u2014nearly a half-century after Revere galloped into history.<\/p>\n<p><a data-image-external-href=\"\" data-image-href=\"\/s3\/files\/inline-images\/2026-07-04_06-03-40.jpg?itok=sieakjaL\" data-link-option=\"0\" href=\"https:\/\/cms.zerohedge.com\/s3\/files\/inline-images\/2026-07-04_06-03-40.jpg?itok=sieakjaL\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-entity-type=\"file\" data-entity-uuid=\"25a5d7ee-d59e-4350-b06b-78714e316bf6\" data-responsive-image-style=\"inline_images\" height=\"672\" width=\"500\" class=\"inline-images image-style-inline-images\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.zerohedge.com\/s3fs-public\/styles\/inline_image_mobile\/public\/inline-images\/2026-07-04_06-03-40.jpg?itok=sieakjaL\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>(Top) The Marrett and Nathan Munroe House in Lexington, Mass., on March 26, 2025. (Bottom) The Buckman Tavern on the Lexington Battle Green. The Battle of Lexington, which began the American Revolution, took place in this area. Learner Liu\/The Epoch Times<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>\u2018The Shot Heard \u2019Round the World\u2019 and Its Origin<\/h2>\n<p>Historians still disagree over who fired the first shot in the initial clash between British troops and Patriots.<\/p>\n<p>They do agree that the first volleys were fired at Lexington, but the next ones fired at Concord reverberated more loudly in history.<\/p>\n<p>Weeks before those pivotal confrontations, Revere\u2019s secret group had forewarned Patriots about British Gen. Thomas Gage\u2019s plans to send troops to Lexington and Concord.<\/p>\n<p>Late on April 18, 1775, about 800 British regulars started their 20-mile march toward Concord, according to the American Battlefield Trust.<\/p>\n<p>After covering about 12 miles, the soldiers reached Lexington as the sun rose the next morning and confronted about 70 armed colonists on the town green.<\/p>\n<p>Although the rebels began dispersing under their commander\u2019s order, \u201cat some point a shot rang out,\u201d the trust said.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe nervous British soldiers fired a volley, killing seven and mortally wounding one of the retreating militiamen. The British column moved on towards Concord, leaving the dead, wounded, and dying in their wake.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><a data-image-external-href=\"\" data-image-href=\"\/s3\/files\/inline-images\/2026-07-04_06-04-01.jpg?itok=OESo-Odh\" data-link-option=\"0\" href=\"https:\/\/cms.zerohedge.com\/s3\/files\/inline-images\/2026-07-04_06-04-01.jpg?itok=OESo-Odh\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-entity-type=\"file\" data-entity-uuid=\"b750e8ce-70ba-48d9-9cfd-30eb5f34d0f8\" data-responsive-image-style=\"inline_images\" height=\"339\" width=\"500\" class=\"inline-images image-style-inline-images\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.zerohedge.com\/s3fs-public\/styles\/inline_image_mobile\/public\/inline-images\/2026-07-04_06-04-01.jpg?itok=OESo-Odh\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>An oil painting by William Barnes Wollen created in 1910 depicts the Battle of Lexington on April 19, 1775. About 800 British soldiers reached Lexington as the sun rose on April 19, 1775, and confronted about 70 armed colonists on the town green. Public Domain<\/em><\/p>\n<p>In Concord, because of warnings from Revere\u2019s secret group, colonists had hidden or relocated most of their stockpile before the redcoats arrived, the park service notes.<\/p>\n<p>As a result, \u201cthe mission to destroy military goods in Concord turned out to be a miserable failure for the British,\u201d the park service said.<\/p>\n<p>The British soldiers also encountered a much larger contingent in Concord.<\/p>\n<p>Within 24 hours, \u201cmore than 70 of the King\u2019s finest troops lay dead and many more wounded,\u201d along with 49 militiamen, the park service said. \u201cFollowing a horrific day of bloodshed, the war General Gage hoped to avoid arrived at his doorstep.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Many years later, a poem immortalized Concord as the site where a ragtag bunch of farmers, merchants, and blacksmiths stunned the world by overcoming the sophisticated redcoats.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cConcord Hymn\u201d by Ralph Waldo Emerson debuted July 4, 1837, during the dedication of a Battle of Concord monument. The poem\u2019s second line reads, \u201cHere once the embattled farmers stood\/ And fired the shot heard \u2018round the world.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Decades later, the 1970s educational cartoon series \u201cSchoolhouse Rock\u201d inspired children across the United States to sing \u201cShot Heard \u2019Round the World,\u201d a song that retraces early U.S. history. Today, it still sparks nostalgia among Americans who grew up at that time\u2014and amusement among younger generations.<\/p>\n<p><a data-image-external-href=\"\" data-image-href=\"\/s3\/files\/inline-images\/2026-07-04_06-04-27.jpg?itok=uFi-WD7b\" data-link-option=\"0\" href=\"https:\/\/cms.zerohedge.com\/s3\/files\/inline-images\/2026-07-04_06-04-27.jpg?itok=uFi-WD7b\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-entity-type=\"file\" data-entity-uuid=\"21377a26-ae87-428a-884a-0d945cd59217\" data-responsive-image-style=\"inline_images\" height=\"673\" width=\"500\" class=\"inline-images image-style-inline-images\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.zerohedge.com\/s3fs-public\/styles\/inline_image_mobile\/public\/inline-images\/2026-07-04_06-04-27.jpg?itok=uFi-WD7b\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>(Top and Bottom) The Lexington Battle Green, where the Battles of Lexington and Concord started, in Lexington, Mass., on March 26, 2025.\u00a0In Concord, because of warnings from Revere\u2019s secret group, colonists had hidden or relocated most of their stockpile before the redcoats arrived. Learner Liu\/The Epoch Times<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>Why the Revolution Started and How It Evolved<\/h2>\n<p>Although the colonists\u2019 war would later be called \u201cthe Revolution\u201d and \u201cthe war for American independence from Britain,\u201d it was neither revolutionary nor independence-focused at the outset, historians say.<\/p>\n<p>Schwartz said his Cedarville students will sometimes say that the Revolution centered on \u201cdestroying things to make everyone equal.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>That\u2019s not so. Harvard University historian Bernard Bailyn pointed out that \u201cthings were already a lot more equal in the colonies than they were in Great Britain,\u201d Schwartz said.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIn America, it was a lot easier to have the right to vote, a lot easier to own land &#8230; to participate in society,\u201d Schwartz said.<\/p>\n<p>Colonists saw the British Crown trying to take away those advances.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSo the American Revolution wasn\u2019t about tearing down old structures to get to equality,\u201d he said. \u201cIt was about preserving healthy traditions of equality in the community that already existed.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Vincenzi said her research challenges popular impressions of the nation\u2019s early history.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI do think Americans think of the American Revolution as more revolutionary &#8230; more of a break from the British political tradition than it actually was,\u201d said the Italian-born professor.<\/p>\n<p><a data-image-external-href=\"\" data-image-href=\"\/s3\/files\/inline-images\/image%20-%202026-07-04T060446.945.jpg?itok=e9u-GxLD\" data-link-option=\"0\" href=\"https:\/\/cms.zerohedge.com\/s3\/files\/inline-images\/image%20-%202026-07-04T060446.945.jpg?itok=e9u-GxLD\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-entity-type=\"file\" data-entity-uuid=\"2726c009-5f8c-449b-b655-5b2357b6244e\" data-responsive-image-style=\"inline_images\" height=\"498\" width=\"500\" class=\"inline-images image-style-inline-images\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.zerohedge.com\/s3fs-public\/styles\/inline_image_mobile\/public\/inline-images\/image%20-%202026-07-04T060446.945.jpg?itok=e9u-GxLD\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>A still taken from video of Bernard Bailyn, Harvard University professor and historian, as he delivers a lecture at Brown University in Providence, R.I., on June 7, 2012. Bailyn pointed out that \u201cthings were already a lot more equal in the colonies than they were in Great Britain.\u201d Screenshot via Brown University\/CC BY 3.0<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u201cThat\u2019s not a bad thing. There is a richness of tradition to be rediscovered there. &#8230; It speaks to the wisdom of the Founders; they knew that starting something on a blank slate is more dangerous than building on a very rich tradition of thought.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>And the \u201crevolutionists\u201d weren\u2019t initially focused on breaking free from England, either.<\/p>\n<p>When the first shots rang out at Lexington and Concord, militiamen still considered themselves \u201cloyal subjects to England\u2019s King George the III,\u201d the park service said. \u201cIndependence was the furthest thing from their minds.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Rather, they \u201cassembled to defend their rights, as they perceived them under English law.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Vincenzi said she often reminds her Hillsdale students that Revolutionary-era Americans \u201cwanted to be British, and to look British.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>They bought porcelain tea sets that looked \u201cas aristocratic and as British as possible,\u201d Vincenzi said. They also admired and emulated British fashion, portrait styles, and architectural designs.<\/p>\n<p>Calls for independence finally surfaced in 1776.<\/p>\n<p>Until then, \u201cAmericans felt British,\u201d Vincenzi said. Yet the British treated the colonists as second-class citizens.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAnd that is what eventually &#8230; pushes them to consider independence,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<p>Had that not been the case, \u201cAmericans could still be carrying a British passport,\u201d Vincenzi said, echoing a statement she heard from noted historian Jack Greene.<\/p>\n<p><a data-image-external-href=\"\" data-image-href=\"\/s3\/files\/inline-images\/2026-07-04_06-05-05.jpg?itok=Fy_L-Dwp\" data-link-option=\"0\" href=\"https:\/\/cms.zerohedge.com\/s3\/files\/inline-images\/2026-07-04_06-05-05.jpg?itok=Fy_L-Dwp\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-entity-type=\"file\" data-entity-uuid=\"d8315313-4473-457d-8149-94f05dde1c5d\" data-responsive-image-style=\"inline_images\" height=\"333\" width=\"500\" class=\"inline-images image-style-inline-images\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.zerohedge.com\/s3fs-public\/styles\/inline_image_mobile\/public\/inline-images\/2026-07-04_06-05-05.jpg?itok=Fy_L-Dwp\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>Lexington Minute Men gather for a battle reenactment of the Battle of Lexington and Concord as part of Patriot&#8217;s Day celebrations in Lexington, Mass., on April 18, 2026. The following day marks the 251st anniversary of the Battle of Lexington and Concord, the first major military actions between the British Army and the Colonial American militias during the American Revolutionary War. Joseph Prezioso \/ AFP via Getty Images<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>The Founding Documents and Whom to Credit for Them<\/h2>\n<p>Some people mistakenly believe that Thomas Jefferson penned the entire Declaration of Independence by himself in a single night before Congress ratified the document unanimously on July 4, 1776.<\/p>\n<p>The truth: Jefferson worked with four other committee members. They chose him to write the first draft\u2014a process that took three weeks, followed by 86 edits from committee members and the Continental Congress, the National Park Service said.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cHe was especially sorry they removed the part blaming King George III for the slave trade, although he knew the time wasn\u2019t right to deal with the issue,\u201d a National Archives article said.<\/p>\n<p>The Declaration listed grievances against the British government and outlined core principles of the fledgling nation.<\/p>\n<p>Years after defeating the British, America\u2019s leaders met to establish the Constitution, which remains the supreme law of the land today.<\/p>\n<p>Jefferson, however, never signed the document.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis is the most popular myth at the National Constitution Center, especially when visitors enter our Signers\u2019 Hall, [comprising] statues of the Constitution\u2019s different signers\u2014and ask where the Jefferson statue is,\u201d the center\u2019s website said.<\/p>\n<p><a data-image-external-href=\"\" data-image-href=\"\/s3\/files\/inline-images\/2026-07-04_06-05-28.jpg?itok=vGg4s5tg\" data-link-option=\"0\" href=\"https:\/\/cms.zerohedge.com\/s3\/files\/inline-images\/2026-07-04_06-05-28.jpg?itok=vGg4s5tg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-entity-type=\"file\" data-entity-uuid=\"59855d3e-f526-4432-8a2f-c57d1ca1f644\" data-responsive-image-style=\"inline_images\" height=\"334\" width=\"500\" class=\"inline-images image-style-inline-images\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.zerohedge.com\/s3fs-public\/styles\/inline_image_mobile\/public\/inline-images\/2026-07-04_06-05-28.jpg?itok=vGg4s5tg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>Life-sized statues of the signers of the Constitution in Signers&#8217; Hall at the National Constitution Center, in Philadelphia, on July 18, 2012. Thomas Jefferson did not sign the Constitution\u2013he was in Paris as the U.S. envoy to France at the time. Ziko van Dijk\/CC BY-SA 3.0<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Jefferson, the U.S. envoy to France, was in Paris when the Constitutional Convention met in Philadelphia in 1787.<\/p>\n<p>When people think about crafting the Constitution, \u201cwe emphasize the two bright young men, James Madison and Alexander Hamilton,\u201d Schwartz said. Both deserve credit for major roles in shaping the document. But in doing so, \u201cwe overlook a lot of the compromisers, the deal-makers, the older statesmen\u201d whose influence was less obvious but essential, he said.<\/p>\n<p>Those delegates \u201ctook Madison and Hamilton\u2019s ideas, made them workable, built compromises out of them, and often changed them completely or went a completely new direction,\u201d Schwartz said.<\/p>\n<p>Those lesser-known contributors include Roger Sherman and Oliver Ellsworth. The two Connecticut delegates helped bridge an impasse over the rights of small states versus large states. The Great Compromise provided equal representation for each state in the Senate and population-based seats in the House of Representatives.<\/p>\n<p>Sherman is among six Founders who signed both the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. The other five were George Clymer, Benjamin Franklin, Robert Morris, George Read, and James Wilson.<\/p>\n<p><a data-image-external-href=\"\" data-image-href=\"\/s3\/files\/inline-images\/2026-07-04_06-05-47.jpg?itok=yNyADD2-\" data-link-option=\"0\" href=\"https:\/\/cms.zerohedge.com\/s3\/files\/inline-images\/2026-07-04_06-05-47.jpg?itok=yNyADD2-\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-entity-type=\"file\" data-entity-uuid=\"363a06a3-9ddc-48ed-bebf-7feeb8fe22e6\" data-responsive-image-style=\"inline_images\" height=\"328\" width=\"500\" class=\"inline-images image-style-inline-images\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.zerohedge.com\/s3fs-public\/styles\/inline_image_mobile\/public\/inline-images\/2026-07-04_06-05-47.jpg?itok=yNyADD2-\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>John Trumbull&#8217;s painting, \u201cDeclaration of Independence,\u201d depicts the five-man drafting committee of the Declaration of Independence presenting their work to the Congress. The painting can be found on the back of the $2 bill. The original hangs in the U.S. Capitol rotunda. It does not represent a real ceremony; the characters portrayed were never in the same room at the same time. Another Believer\/CC BY-SA 3.0<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Schwartz emphasized that the Founders weren\u2019t \u201cjust this collection of really intelligent people.\u201d Many members of the Constitutional Convention had business experience, had traveled the world, and were \u201cmiddle-aged or a little bit older.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Thus, \u201cthey had wisdom, a lot of practical experience,\u201d Schwartz said, which strengthened the Constitution.<\/p>\n<p>Many people don\u2019t realize that beyond the \u201cyoung firebrands\u201d known for their constitutional contributions, quiet leadership came from delegates such as George Washington, an elder statesman and war hero who became the first president.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cJust by being there and overseeing the proceedings, he\u2019s adding a lot to it,\u201d Schwartz said.<\/p>\n<p>Without Washington and lesser-known delegates such as Ellsworth and Sherman, America would have ended up with a very different Constitution, he said.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThat\u2019s a lesson that\u2019s relevant for us today. We have a lot of people in our current politics who say, \u2018Hey, I\u2019m young. I want to charge to the front of this scene,\u2019\u201d Schwartz said.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI think the Founders show us a different path. &#8230; It\u2019s good to have big ideas, but you also need people who are going to work hard behind the scenes and get things done.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><a data-image-external-href=\"\" data-image-href=\"\/s3\/files\/inline-images\/2026-07-04_06-06-06.jpg?itok=Wb0rDv4D\" data-link-option=\"0\" href=\"https:\/\/cms.zerohedge.com\/s3\/files\/inline-images\/2026-07-04_06-06-06.jpg?itok=Wb0rDv4D\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-entity-type=\"file\" data-entity-uuid=\"e4244184-4f31-4849-845f-91341aaace2f\" data-responsive-image-style=\"inline_images\" height=\"333\" width=\"500\" class=\"inline-images image-style-inline-images\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.zerohedge.com\/s3fs-public\/styles\/inline_image_mobile\/public\/inline-images\/2026-07-04_06-06-06.jpg?itok=Wb0rDv4D\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>A sculpture by Adolph Alexander Weinman depicts the Committee of Five, on the pediment of the Jefferson Memorial in Washington. The committee was composed of John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Robert Livingston, and Roger Sherman. They drafted and presented to the full Congress in Pennsylvania State House what would become the U.S. Declaration of Independence of July 4, 1776. Another Believer\/CC BY-SA 3.0<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>Slavery and How the Founders Saw It<\/h2>\n<p>In recent years, young Americans have been taught that the Founding Fathers \u201cwere all pro-slavery, they all owned slaves, they all thought slavery was a good thing\u2014and that\u2019s just not true,\u201d Schwartz said. \u201cThat\u2019s a big myth and a big mistake that we have to deal with in today\u2019s society.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Actually, the Founders were divided over slavery; some were very much against it. However, they didn\u2019t insist on action in the Constitution, Schwartz said, because they believed people could see it was dehumanizing\u2014which would lead to its abolishment.<\/p>\n<p>He and Bloodworth concurred on that point.<\/p>\n<p>While it is \u201cappalling\u201d that people could \u201cown other human beings,\u201d Bloodworth said, it\u2019s essential to remember that \u201cslavery was the norm\u201d at the time.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe past is \u2018another country,\u2019 and we have to understand it on its own terms,\u201d he said. \u201cToo often, contextualizing is seen as \u2018excuse-making,\u2019 which it\u2019s not the same thing.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>He credits the Founders for embedding \u201cthe logic of racial equality\u201d into America\u2019s foundational documents, even though many weren\u2019t yet ready to fully embrace it.<\/p>\n<p><a data-image-external-href=\"\" data-image-href=\"\/s3\/files\/inline-images\/image%20-%202026-07-04T060625.523.jpg?itok=39THBgLC\" data-link-option=\"0\" href=\"https:\/\/cms.zerohedge.com\/s3\/files\/inline-images\/image%20-%202026-07-04T060625.523.jpg?itok=39THBgLC\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-entity-type=\"file\" data-entity-uuid=\"cf1f5907-6dea-4f16-92b2-654e1f1e9596\" data-responsive-image-style=\"inline_images\" height=\"333\" width=\"500\" class=\"inline-images image-style-inline-images\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.zerohedge.com\/s3fs-public\/styles\/inline_image_mobile\/public\/inline-images\/image%20-%202026-07-04T060625.523.jpg?itok=39THBgLC\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>The opening words of the U.S. Constitution are displayed on the exterior of the National Constitution Center in Philadelphia, on Sept. 15, 2003. Roger Sherman is among six Founders who signed both the Declaration and the Constitution. Jeffrey M. Vinocur\/CC BY 2.5<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u201cMany of the Founders\u2019 documents indicate that they most certainly believed that slavery was going to &#8230; die a slow death,\u201d Bloodworth said.<\/p>\n<p>Significantly, Washington freed his slaves upon his death.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt doesn\u2019t erase the fact that he owned slaves,\u201d Bloodworth said, but that \u201cmomentous\u201d act set the tone for others to follow suit.<\/p>\n<p>Vincenzi warns against \u201cover-simplified\u201d views of the debate over slavery during the age of the nation\u2019s founding.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s complicated,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<p>A significant number of delegates to the Constitutional Convention were determined to defend slavery. Many others wanted slavery to be abolished, yet they worried that \u201cthe sudden abolition of slavery could create a lot of problems,\u201d Vincenzi said.<\/p>\n<p>They asked questions such as \u201cIf you treat people as non-people for decades, how are they going to live once they\u2019re emancipated?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The slavery issue was a pivotal one that perhaps made a big compromise at the Constitutional Convention inevitable \u201cfor the sake of establishing a union that otherwise would have probably not been born,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>      <span class=\"field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden\"><a title=\"View user profile.\" href=\"https:\/\/cms.zerohedge.com\/users\/tyler-durden\" lang=\"\" class=\"username\" xml:lang=\"\">Tyler Durden<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden\">Sat, 07\/04\/2026 &#8211; 16:20<\/span><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.zerohedge.com\/s3fs-public\/styles\/inline_image_mobile\/public\/inline-images\/2026-07-04_05-59-38.jpg?itok=BWJZVplK\" title=\"Historians Set Record Straight On 5 Events That Shaped America\" \/><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Historians Set Record Straight On 5 Events That Shaped America Authored by Janice Hisle via The Epoch Times, As America celebrates its 250th birthday, it\u2019s prime time for historians such as Jeff Bloodworth to set the record straight. Bloodworth, a professor at Pennsylvania\u2019s Gannon University, noted that it had become trendy among historians to \u201cdemythologize\u201d&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/buglecall.org\/?p=630111\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Historians Set Record Straight On 5 Events That Shaped America<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":630112,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":[],"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","footnotes":""},"categories":[17,22,13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-630111","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-border-security","category-immigration","category-immigration-reform","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buglecall.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/630111","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buglecall.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buglecall.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buglecall.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buglecall.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=630111"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buglecall.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/630111\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buglecall.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/630112"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buglecall.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=630111"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buglecall.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=630111"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buglecall.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=630111"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}